K3VL45/B-10RKS-PO/1S2 KPM K3VL K3VL28 K3VL45 K3VL80/140/200 Excavator Main High Pressure Hydraulic Piston Pump

I. Core Technical Parameters
Basic specifications
Type: K3VL series swashplate axial variable piston pump, 45 indicates a basic displacement of approximately 45cc/rev
Rated pressure: 32MPa (320bar), maximum working pressure: 35MPa (350bar), short-term peak up to 39.2MPa (400bar)
Rated speed: 2700r/min (the maximum speed under self-priming condition), recommended operating speed: 1800-2200r/min
Theoretical flow rate: approximately 95L/min (displacement × rated speed ÷1000). The actual flow rate is affected by working conditions and efficiency
Drive shaft: 14-tooth splined shaft (standard configuration), shaft diameter 32mm, standard rotation direction is clockwise (viewed from the shaft end)
Control mode: B-10RKS-PO/1S2 indicates a combined control with pressure cut-off and load sensing, featuring an open central loop design
Weight: Approximately 25kg, compact structure, high power density
Installation method: Flange installation, side oil inlet/outlet (structural features of Type B)
Performance parameters
Volumetric efficiency: ≥92% (under rated conditions), ensuring high flow output
Overall efficiency: ≥85%, with efficient energy conversion and reduced system energy consumption
Noise level: ≤78dB (A), optimized fluid design, smooth and low-noise operation
Applicable oil: L-HM 46/68 anti-wear hydraulic oil, viscosity range 10-400mm²/s, recommended working viscosity 20-50mm²/s
Operating temperature: -20℃ to 80℃, ideal operating temperature 50±5℃, continuous operation is recommended to be controlled within 40-65℃
Oil cleanliness: ISO 4406 17/14 grade. A 60-100 mesh oil filter is required at the oil inlet, and a 100 mesh oil filter is required at the oil return portIi. Working Principle
The core working mechanism of the swash plate variable piston pump:
Structural foundation
It is mainly composed of the drive shaft, cylinder block, plunger assembly (usually 7 evenly distributed), distribution plate and tilting swash plate
One end of the plunger is in contact with the plunger hole in the cylinder block, and the other end is in contact with the surface of the swash plate through the sliding shoe
The swash plate is installed on the pendulum shaft, and its inclination Angle can be adjusted through the control mechanism to change the plunger stroke and achieve variable flow control
Oil suction and discharge process
The drive shaft rotates the cylinder block, and the plunger moves back and forth under the action of the swash plate
When the plunger moves outward (away from the distribution plate), the volume of the plunger cavity increases, creating a negative pressure, and oil is drawn in through the oil suction window of the distribution plate
When the plunger moves inward (close to the distribution plate), the volume of the plunger cavity decreases, the oil pressure rises, and high-pressure oil is discharged through the pressure oil window of the distribution plate
The distribution plate remains stationary. The waist-shaped Windows on it correspond respectively to the oil suction area and the oil pressure area, achieving the control of the oil direction
Variable control mechanism
Pressure cut-off control: When the system pressure reaches the set value, the control mechanism automatically reduces the inclination Angle of the swash plate to the minimum, and the pump output flow approaches zero, protecting the system safety
Load Sensing Control (LS) : Automatically adjusts the output flow according to the load changes of the actuator, providing only the flow required by the actuator and reducing overflow losses
The combination of the two achieves efficient, energy-saving and safe operation of the system
Control characteristics of B-10RKS-PO/1S2:
B: Standard pump body, with oil entering and exiting from the side
10RKS: Combined control with pressure cut-off and load sensing, where R stands for pressure cut-off, K for load sensing, and S for standard control
PO: Open central circuit design enables the pump to output the minimum flow rate when the system is no-load, reducing energy consumption
1S2: Indicates specific control parameter configuration (the specific parameters are set by the manufacturer)

Iii. Product Features and Advantages
1. High efficiency and energy-saving feature
Load sensing control: Supply oil on demand, increase system efficiency by 20-30%, significantly reduce energy consumption and oil temperature
Pressure cut-off protection: Automatically unload when the system is overpressurized to prevent overload damage and extend the service life of the equipment
High efficiency: Volumetric efficiency ≥92%, total efficiency ≥85%, significantly more energy-efficient than ordinary gear pumps
Power matching: Automatically adjust the output based on the load, fully utilize the engine power, and reduce fuel consumption
2. Reliability and durability
High-strength shell: Made of ductile iron and treated with surface hardening, it can withstand a continuous pressure of 35MPa
Wear-resistant design: Key friction pairs such as the plunger and cylinder block, sliding shoe and swash plate are made of special materials and undergo heat treatment (HRC58-62), ensuring a long service life
Anti-pollution capacity: Compared with other types of pumps, it has a better anti-pollution capacity and can adapt to harsh working environments
Mean time between failures: ≥ 12,000 hours, reducing maintenance frequency and downtime
Superior sealing performance: It adopts a combined shaft seal to prevent leakage and extend service life
3. Control performance advantages
Precise flow control: Achieve stepless flow regulation by changing the Angle of the swash plate, with a response time of less than 50ms
Compound control: Dual control of pressure cut-off and load sensing, featuring high system stability and safety
Low noise: Optimized fluid design, noise ≤78dB (A), improving the operating environment
Bidirectional rotation capability: It can be designed to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to meet different installation requirements
Modular design: Control components can be replaced separately, making maintenance simple and reducing costs

Iv. Usage Functions and Purposes
Core functions
Convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy to provide high-pressure oil power for the hydraulic system
Automatically adjust the output flow and pressure according to the system requirements to achieve precise control of the actuating elements
It works in conjunction with various control valves to achieve compound control of multiple actions of construction machinery
It has a pressure protection function to prevent system overload and enhance equipment safety
Main application fields
Hydraulic system for construction machinery
The power source for the working device (boom, bucket arm, and bucket) and the rotary system of a 5-ton excavator
Hydraulic drive for mobile machinery such as small loaders, bulldozers and rollers
High-pressure oil sources for hydraulic breakers, hydraulic shears and other attachments
Forklift lifting, tilting and steering systems
Industrial hydraulic system
Screw drive and clamping systems for plastic machinery (injection molding machines, extruders)
The power systems of forging and pressing equipment such as presses and bending machines
Auxiliary hydraulic systems for metallurgical equipment and mining machinery
Specialized vehicles
The outriggers and boom systems of concrete pump trucks and truck cranes
Fire truck ladder lifting and telescopic system
The hydraulic lifting system of sanitation vehicles
Ship and Ocean Engineering
Deck machinery (such as anchor machines, winches)
Hydraulic steering gear system for small ships
Auxiliary hydraulic systems for Marine engineering equipment

V. Applicable Machines and Scenarios
1. Typical applicable machines
Excavator
The main pump of 5-ton excavators (such as Sany 55, XCMG 60, Lingong 60, etc.) provides the working device and rotary power
These models have a working pressure requirement of approximately 25-30 mpa and a flow requirement of about 80-100L/min, which perfectly matches the performance of the K3VL45
It is applicable to working conditions such as urban construction, landscaping, and pipeline laying, where the load changes frequently but the system stability is highly required
Rotary drilling rig
As an auxiliary pump for small rotary drilling RIGS (such as Sany 150/200), it provides power for auxiliary systems like mast lifting and drill bit rotation
The pressure of the auxiliary system is generally between 20 and 25MPa, and the flow demand is relatively stable. The K3VL45 has high reliability and is suitable for long-term continuous operation
Other construction machinery
3-5 ton class loaders: Working device and steering system, pressure requirement approximately 20-28 mpa, flow requirement approximately 60-80L/min
Small road roller: Vibration system and walking drive, requiring the pump to be small in size and highly reliable
Aerial work platforms: Lifting and rotating systems, requiring precise control and high safety
2. Characteristics of applicable scenarios
Working scenarios of construction machinery with frequent load changes:
During the excavation process of the excavator, the load changes suddenly, which requires the pump to respond quickly and control precisely
The load sensing control of K3VL45 can adjust the output in real time, maintain system stability and reduce pressure fluctuations
Applications with extremely high reliability requirements:
Aerial work platforms and offshore platform equipment
Once a malfunction occurs, it may cause serious consequences. The high reliability and long service life of K3VL45 ensure the safe operation of the system
Hydraulic systems requiring precise control:
Precision hydraulic presses, injection molding machines and other industrial equipment
High accuracy in flow and pressure control is required. The variable control of K3VL45 can meet the control accuracy requirement of ±2%
Mobile devices with high power density requirements
The pump is required to be small in size, light in weight but have a high output power. The K3VL45, weighing approximately 25 kilograms, can output about 30 kilowatts of power, with a high power density

Six. Similar models
1. Different specifications and models of the same series
K3VL28 Series
With a displacement of approximately 28cc/rev and a rated pressure of 32MPa, it is suitable for excavators and small construction machinery of 3 tons or less
It weighs approximately 18kg and has a power output of about 20kW. It is suitable for small equipment with limited space, such as small hydraulic tools and medical devices
K3VL60 Series
With a displacement of approximately 60cc/rev and a rated pressure of 30MPa, it is suitable for 6-8 ton excavators and medium-sized construction machinery
It weighs approximately 30kg and has a power output of about 40kW, making it suitable for hydraulic systems that require a larger flow rate
K3VL80 Series
With a displacement of approximately 80cc/rev and a rated pressure of 32MPa, it is suitable for 7-10 ton excavators and medium-sized construction machinery
Weighing approximately 35 kilograms and with a power output of about 50 kilowatts, it is one of the most commonly used models in the construction machinery field, such as the Sany 75 and XCMG 75/80 excavators
2. Different series models of the same type
A10V Series (a certain brand)
Swashplate axial variable piston pump, displacement range from 28 to 140cc/rev
With a rated pressure of 35MPa, it has performance close to that of the K3VL series and is widely used in the field of construction machinery
With diverse control methods and multiple compound control options available, it is the main competitor of the K3VL series
PV Series (a certain brand)
Radial piston pumps have a wide range of displacements, from 50 to 500cc/rev
The pressure can reach up to 30MPa, making it suitable for large-scale construction machinery and Marine machinery
The characteristics are strong anti-pollution ability and relatively low requirements for the cleanliness of the oil
K5V Series (a certain brand)
The high-performance swash plate axial variable piston pump is an upgraded version of the K3VL
The displacement range is larger (from 80 to 200cc/rev), and the rated pressure is 35MPa
Optimized design, higher efficiency, lower noise, and higher control accuracy, suitable for high-end construction machinery
3. Domestic similar products
Hengli A Series
Swash plate axial variable piston pump, displacement from 28 to 140cc/rev, rated pressure 32MPa
Its performance is comparable to that of the K3VL series, but it has a more competitive price and has been widely used in domestic construction machinery
It is an ideal alternative to the K3VL series and offers high cost performance
Eddie HD Series
Swashplate axial variable piston pump, adopting advanced manufacturing processes and materials
The key friction pairs are made of imported materials, featuring stable and reliable performance. Some models can directly replace the K3VL series
Its market share in the domestic construction machinery market has been increasing year by year
K3VL45/B-10RKM-L0

K3VL45/B-10RKM-P0/1-H1

K3VL45/B-10RMM-P0

K3VL45/B-10RSM-P0/1-E0

K3VL45/B-10RSM-P0

K3VL45/B-10RSS-P0

K3VL45/B-10RTM-P0

K3VL45/B-1ALSM-PM 24VDC

K3VL45/B-1ALSM-P0

K3VL45/B-1ALSS-L0/1-H4

K3VL45/B-1ARKM-P0/1-E0

K3VL45/B-1ARSM-P0/1-E0

K3VL45/B-1ARSM-P0

K3VL45/B-1ARSS-L1/1-H1

K3VL45/B-1BRSM-L0

K3VL45/B-1BBLSM-PM 24VDC

K3VL45/B-1BBLSM-P0/1-E0

K3VL45/B-1BBLSM-P0/1-H1

K3VL45/B-1BBLTM-P0

K3VL45/B-1BBRKM-P0

K3VL45/B-1BBRSM-P0/1-E0

K3VL45/B-1BBRSM-P0/1-H1

K3VL45/B-1BBRSS-L0

K3VL45/B-1BBRTM-P0

K3VL45/B-1NLSM-L0

K3VL60/B-1NRJM-PO

K3VL80/B-10RKM-PO

K3VL80/B-1NRKM-L0/1-H2

K3VL80/B-10RSM-L0

K3VL80/B-1CRMM-L0/1-H2

K3VL80/B-1NLSM-L0

K3VL80/BW-1NRJM-P0

K3VL80/BW-10RKM-P0

K3VL112/B-1NRSM-L0/1-H1

K3VL112/B-1CLWM-L0/1-H1

K3VL112/B-1CRWM-L0

K3VL112/B-1BBLSS-P0/1-H3

K3VL112/BW-10RKM-P0

K3VL140/B-1DRMM-L0/1-M2

K3VL140/B-1NRMM-L0/1-M2

K3VL140/B-10RMM-P0

K3VL140/B-1DLSM-L0/1-H3

K3VL140/BW-10RKM-P0

K3VL200/B-1CRKS-L0

K3VL200/B-1ELFM-L0/1-E0

K3VL200/B-1NRSS-L0/1-E0

K3VL200/B-1NRSS-L0/1-H1

K3V280DTH10ZR-5P09-V

K3V280DTH10ZL-5P09-V

K3VG280-10FRS-50M3

K3VG180-11NRS-0E00

K3VG180-10FRS-10MH2

K3VG280-10FRS-10MH4

K3V112DT-1V7R-1N29

K3V280DTH10ZR-5P09-V

K3V280DTH10ZL-5P09-V

K3VG280-10FRS-50M3

K3VG180-11NRS-0E00

K3VG180-10FRS-10MH2

K3VG280-10FRS-10MH4

K5V80DT K5V80DTP K5V80S K5V112DP

K5V140DP K5V140DT K5V140DTP K5V140S

K5V160DPH K5V200DP K5V200DPH K5V200DT

K5V200DTH K5V200DTP K5V200S K5V200SH

Vii. Precautions for Use
1. Installation points
Fixed foundation
The flatness of the installation plane should be ≤0.1mm to ensure the stability of the pump body and reduce vibration and noise
Tighten the fixing bolts evenly (with torque as per the specification requirements, approximately 40-60N · m) to prevent the shell from deforming
The pump and the prime mover must be connected by an elastic coupling. Rigid connection is strictly prohibited, and the coaxiality should be no more than 0.05mm
Oil port connection
The diameter of the oil inlet pipe is ≥25mm and the length is ≤3m to reduce the oil suction resistance and prevent cavitation
The diameter of the oil outlet pipe should be ≥20mm to ensure that the pressure loss is within the allowable range
The oil drain pipe must be connected to the oil tank separately and not in parallel with the return oil pipe. The back pressure should be ≤0.3MPa to prevent damage to the oil seal
All pipelines must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure there are no iron filings, welding slag or other impurities. It is recommended to filter them with a 200-mesh filter screen
Control circuit connection
Electrical control lines should be laid separately from power lines to prevent interference
The wiring of the sensor and the solenoid valve should be firm to prevent loosening and control failure
Ensure good grounding to prevent electrical faults
2. Startup and Operation management
Startup program
Check the oil level in the fuel tank (more than 200mm above the suction port) and the oil temperature (not lower than 10℃).
Manually turn the wheel 2 to 3 times to ensure there is no jamming
Loosen the plug of the oil drain port, expel all the air inside the pump, and then tighten it
Start the system under no-load conditions (set the system relief valve to the minimum pressure) and run it for 5 to 10 minutes until the oil temperature rises above 30℃
Gradually increase the pressure (each increase ≤30% of the rated pressure, with an interval of ≥2 minutes). It is strictly prohibited to directly load the cold machine at full load
Key points of operation monitoring
Oil temperature: Normal 40-65℃, not exceeding 80℃ at the maximum. (If the temperature exceeds the limit, stop the machine to check the cooling system or the viscosity of the oil.
Pressure: Not exceeding the rated pressure (32MPa), peak value ≤35MPa and cumulative time ≤10 minutes per hour
Noise: Smooth operation ≤78dB. Abnormal noise (>82dB) indicates possible wear or cavitation, and the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection
Leakage: Normal allowable trace leakage (<5 drops per minute). If the leakage increases, the sealing parts should be inspected and repaired in time
Vibration: The vibration is slight to the touch. If obvious vibration is felt, the machine should be stopped to check the centering condition or bearing wear
3. Maintenance and care
Daily inspection
Check the oil level, temperature, noise and leakage conditions every shift, and record the operating parameters
Check if the connecting bolts are loose and tighten them in time
Check the pressure difference of the filter. Replace the filter element in time if it exceeds the specified value
Regular maintenance
Every 250 hours:
When the pressure difference of the return oil filter exceeds 0.15MPa, the filter element must be replaced
Check whether the temperature distribution of the pump casing is uniform and determine if there is any abnormal wear inside
Every 500 hours:
Comprehensively inspect the seals and replace the aged or damaged sealing rings
Check the contamination level of the oil and take samples for testing if necessary
Every 1000 hours:
Change the hydraulic oil (while cleaning the oil tank and pipelines)
Check the pump shaft runout (should be ≤0.1mm) and radial runout (should be ≤0.05mm)
Every 2000 hours:
Disassemble and inspect the wear conditions of the plunger, cylinder block and distribution plate, and measure the fit clearance
Check for worn bearings and replace them if necessary
Oil Product management
Hydraulic oils of different brands must not be mixed to prevent the reaction of additives and the formation of sediment
In cold regions (ambient temperature ≤-10℃), L-HV low-temperature hydraulic oil should be used to improve low-temperature fluidity
Regularly test the cleanliness of the oil to ensure compliance with ISO 4406 17/14 grade standards
When changing the oil, thoroughly clean the system to prevent the mixture of new and old oil from affecting performance
4. Special Precautions
It is strictly prohibited to operate without oil: Even a short period of dry running (>5 seconds) can cause the plunger and cylinder block to sinter, resulting in irreversible damage
Prevent cavitation
Make sure the oil suction pipe is well sealed to prevent air from entering the system
The oil suction height should be ≤500mm, and it is recommended to be ≤300mm to reduce the oil suction resistance
If the oil temperature is too low (<10℃), run it no-load for 10 to 15 minutes first to raise the oil temperature before loading
The pressure drop of the oil suction port filter is less than 0.03MPa to prevent cavitation caused by excessive oil suction resistance
Load matching
Avoid long-term operation at the maximum pressure and maximum speed simultaneously (which will cause overheating and excessive wear).
When designing the system, the pump should operate within the range of 70-85% of the rated pressure to increase its service life
Avoid frequent starts and stops to reduce shock loads
Shutdown protection
Before shutting down, the load should be unloaded to low pressure (≤50bar) and run for 3-